Status and Prospect of Management Policy and System for High-level Pathogenic Microorganism Laboratories in China / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

High-level pathogenic microorganism laboratories are strategic scientific and technological forces of national biosafety， so it is significant to improve the policy and system management and strengthen the safety supervision. This paper reviewed the current status of management policy and system of high-level pathogenic microorganism laboratories， summarized the problems and challenges in terms of safety laws and regulations， supervision mechanism， hierarchical and classified management， standards and norms， legal person responsibility system， occupational access system and personnel training system. This paper also proposed targeted policy suggestions that might underlie the biosafety management of high-level pathogenic microorganism laboratories in China.

Exploration of reform paths of high-level talents training in clinical pharmacy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To help to realize high-quality development of clinical pharmacy education in China by exploring new reform paths of high-level talents training in clinical pharmacy. METHODS The concept definition and key links of high-level talents training in clinical pharmacy were consulted by expert consultation， and the literature analysis and empirical methods were used to prepare a questionnaire to conduct online research on clinical pharmacy professionals in universities and hospitals. RESULTS A total of 637 effective electronic questionnaires were received. Totally 95.13% of the respondents believed that the cultivation of high-level talents in clinical pharmacy was very or relatively important； 51.96% expressed different degrees of dissatisfaction with the current situation of training； 88.85% regarded “rational clinical use of drugs” and 88.70% regarded “clinical research of drugs” as one of the main training objectives and service orientation； precision pharmacy， evidence-based pharmacy， medication therapy management， therapeutic drug monitoring and evaluation， clinical discovery and evaluation of new drugs were considered as important core specialty knowledge and competences， which were different from those high-level talents in clinical medicine；62.01% agreed that “academic degree+professional degree” dual degree training was the main degree type for high-level talents training in clinical pharmacy； 79.28% thought it was very necessary or relatively necessary to adopt the “long schooling” education mode； 98.58% thought that the core courses of clinical pharmacy such as clinical pharmacotherapy were very important or relatively important；59.81% believed that college or department of clinical pharmacy was the most important educational management organization that played the most important role； 87.13% agreed with the dual tutor structure of “college teachers+ pharmacists” and “pharmacists+physicians”. CONCLUSIONS Starting with the target orientation， core knowledge and competence， academic degree system， curriculum system and faculties， it is necessary to speed up the exploration of new reform paths of talent training and build a high-level talent training system of clinical pharmacy with Chinese characteristics and world level.

Construction of a core competency training indicator system for high-level public health talents / 预防医学

Objective@#To construct a core competency training indicator system for high-level public health talents using the Delphi method, so as to provide insights into optimization of high-level public health talents training.@*Methods@#Based on review of publications pertaining to core competency training for high-level public health talents, in combination with public health priorities and development needs in China, a preliminary indicator system was constructed. Twenty public health experts were invited for two rounds of Delphi expert consultation. Indicators were screened based on the frequency of full marks, mean score and coefficient of variation (CV), and the weight of indicators was determined using the Entropy weight method. The effectiveness of the Delphi expert consultation was evaluated using the active degree, authority coefficient and the consistency degree. @*Results@#Twenty experts participated in the consultation, including 12 men, and there were 6 experts at ages of 30 to 39 years, 8 at ages of 40 to 49 years, and 6 at ages of 50 years and older. There were 17 experts with an educational level of master and above, 19 with senior professional titles and all experts had working experiences for 10 years and longer. The active degrees were 95.24% and 100.00% for two rounds of consultations, and the overall authority coefficient was 0.87. Following two rounds of consultations, all CVs were reduced to below 0.25, and the coordination coefficients were all statistically significant (P<0.05), with a higher coordination coefficient in the second round of consultation than in the first round. The constructed core competency training indicator system for high-level public health talents included four primary indicators, including health protection, health service improvement, health promotion, and essential quality, with weights of 0.388, 0.310, 0.122 and 0.180, 11 secondary indicators, with high weights seen for protection of human health from threats (0.178), monitoring and assessment of health service utilization (0.157) and promotion of health service quality and access (0.112), and 70 tertiary indicators, with high weights seen for Chinese writing (0.038), capability for health policy suggestions (0.034) and global perspective (0.030).@*Conclusion@#The core competency training indicator system for high-level public health talents constructed in this study may provide insights into training of high-level public health talents.

Cultivating high-level public health talents with practical abilities by integrating peacetime and wartime training / 中国职业医学

At present, public health education in colleges and universities has many problems, such as insufficient education and practice for infectious diseases, serious shortage of public health talents, insufficient interdisciplinary integration of public health disciplines, lack of a holistic view of public health, and insufficient flexibility and autonomy of curriculum design in colleges and universities. These problems were closely related to the cultivation of practical ability of public health talents in colleges and universities. The new era puts forward high requirements for the construction of high-level schools of public health and the training of high-level public health talents, presenting both opportunities and challenges. The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University proposed the idea of "combined peacetime and wartime training" to cultivate high-level public health talents who can solve practical problems, and jointly established a demonstration base for high-level public health talents training with Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The core content is “one class, one team, one hospital and one center”. The experimental class of "medical, prevention and management" talents, the Sun Yat-sen University-Guangzhou Volunteer Service Team for Epidemiological Investigation, the Graduate School of Guangzhou CDC, and the Joint Research Center of for Disease Surveillance and Early Warning and Risk Assessment of Sun Yat-sen University-Guangzhou CDC has been established. Virtual simulation experiments and simulation exercises have been conducted. It is an innovated training for high-level public health talents. The linkage between universities and CDCs to promote the development of public health disciplines can provide reference for public health personnel training in universities to cultivate high-level public health talents with the ability to solve practical problems.

High level expression of recombinant human serum albumin in CHO cells and optimization of its culture technology / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#ObjectiveTo achieve efficient expression of human serum albumin(HSA)in Chinese hamster ovary(CHO)cells and optimize its culture technology,so as to lay a foundation of the large-scale production of HSA.MethodsThe eukaryotic expression vector of HSA was constructed by gene recombination technology,and then electrotransfected into fully suspended CHO cells. The monoclonal cell lines with stable and high expression of HSA were screened by G418 and limited dilution method. By adding glucose,sodium butyrate and supplementalmedium to the basal medium,the cell culture process was optimized to improve the expression of HSA. Finally,the scale-up culture verification was carried out in a 5 L bioreactor.ResultsThe recombinant expression vector pcDNA3.1-HSA was successfully constructed and expressed in fully suspended CHO cells. After two monoclonal screening,the secondary monoclonal cell lines CHO-rHSA-7H2A9 and CHOrHSA-7H2D12 were obtained with high HSA expression of 29. 37 mg/L and 25. 26 mg/L respectively. The HSA expression level reached about 100. 00 mg/L by optimizing the culture process and wasfinally increased to 166. 16 mg/L in the 5 L bioreactor,which was about 30 times higher than that in the supernatant of the first monoclonal cells.Conclusion The high level expression of HSA in CHO cells was achieved,which laid a foundation of the further large-scale production of HSA in the field of biological products and solving the market supply problems.

Semilleros de investigación como espacio de reconocimiento de personas con altas capacidades / Research hotbeds as a space for the recognition of gifted people / Semilleros de investigación como espaço de reconhecimento de pessoas com altas habilidades

Resumen (analítico) Se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre semilleros de investigación como espacio de reconocimiento de personas con altas capacidades y talentos. Ejecutado a partir de la ruta fenomenológica y hermenéutica, utilizó como técnica la entrevista semiestructurada a cinco participantes con más de cinco años en semilleros de investigación, la cual fue interpretada a través de un análisis estructural. Se logra refigurar el concepto de semilleros de investigación y plantearlos como espacios de reconocimiento que configuran nuevas identidades y agenciamientos para la constitución de personas capaces, con apertura de sentidos hacia las posibilidades del reconocimiento mutuo y agenciamiento de nuevas prácticas en el ámbito académico, laboral y social. Las líneas de sentido son construidas por los semilleristas en contraposición a los procesos escolares; lo cual deja abierta la posibilidad de otros procesos de reconocimiento.

Abstract (analytical) The present study is the result of the research on research hotbeds (semilleros de investigación) as a space for the recognition of gifted and talented people. Using phenomenological and hermeneutical approaches, semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection technique with five participants who have more than 5 years of experience in research hotbeds. The data was interpreted using a structural analysis. It is possible to redefine the concept of research hotbeds and propose them as a space of recognition that configure new identities and methods for the constitution of capable people, opening up the possibilities of mutual recognition and developing new practices in academic, labor and social dimensions. Meanings are constructed by participants in the research hotbeds in contrast to school processes, creating the possibility of other forms of recognition.

Resumo (analítico) O presente trabalho é o resultado da pesquisa sobre o focos de pesquisa (semilleros de investigación) como espaço de reconhecimento de pessoas com altas capacidades e talentos. Executado a partir do percurso fenomenológico e hermenêutico, utilizando a entrevista semiestruturada como técnica para cinco participantes com mais de cinco anos em focos de pesquisa, interpretada através de uma análise estrutural. É possível reconfigurar o conceito de semilleros de investigación propôlos como um espaço de reconhecimento que configura novas identidades e agenciamentos para a constituição de pessoas capazes com abertura de sentidos para as possibilidades de reconhecimento mútuo e montagem de novas práticas no meio acadêmico, laboral e esferas sociais. As linhas de sentido são construídas pelas semilleristas em contraposição aos processos escolares. A possibilidade de outros processos de reconhecimento é deixada em aberto.

Drug monitoring of omalizumab in treatment of 2 children with high level IgE allergic asthma / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of the omalizumab treatment in children with high level IgE allergic asthma. Methods The clinical data of 2 children with allergic asthma treated with omalizumab in the Departemnt of Respiratory Medicine of Shanghai Children’s Hospital from August 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and they had regular follow-up after end of treatment. The dosage and course of treatment, therapeutic effect and adverse drug reactions of omalizumab were analyzed. Results After receiving omalizumab treatment, asthma symptoms were well controlled, the dosage of inhaled corticosteroids during asthma treatment were reduced and nasal symptoms were relieved. 20 subcutaneous injections were received by 2 children, and no adverse reactions were found. After the treatment, regular pharmaceutical follow-up showed that the children were in good health. Conclusion Omalizumab is suitable for high level IgE allergic asthma and can improve asthma control symptoms with good long-term safety. However, the appropriate dosage and course of treatment still need further experience accumulation.

Analysis of clinical pathological characteristics of high-level squamous endotausal lesions in the postmenopausal cervix / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the clinical pathologic features of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in postmenopausal women.Methods:The clinical data of hospital patients with HSIL admitted to the Department of Gynecology of The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients undergoing liquid-based thin-layer cytology, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), colposcopy, cervical biopsy and Endocervical curettage (ECC), pathological diagnosis of HSIL, followed by cold knife conization (CKC). The diagnosis and treatment process conformed to the cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment norms, and there were a total of 594 patients with no previous cervical surgery history,including 463 cases in the premenopausal group and 131 cases in the menopausal group, and the age, contact bleeding, gynecological examination, HR-HPV, liquid-based thin layer cytology, colposcopy and biopsy results, and post-cervical cone surgery pathological results were compared and analyzed, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was carried out for statistically different factors to identify the clinical pathological characteristics of postmenopausal HSIL patients. T-test was used for the comparison between measurement data groups with normal distribution, and rank sum test was used for the comparison between measurement data groups with non normal distribution. Counting data use χ 2 test or Fisher exact probability method. Logistic regression analysis was used in multivariate analysis. Results:There was no significant difference in the positive rate of contact bleeding (12.98%(17/131)) and HR-HPV (77.86%(102/131)) between postmenopausal group and non postmenopausal group (11.45%(53/463) and 80.56% (373/463))(χ 2 values were 0.23 and 0.46; P values were 0.632 and 0.496). The proportion of cervical columnar epithelium displacement (43.51% (57/131)) and abnormal liquid-based thin-layer cytology (87.79%(115/131)) in the postmenopausal group were lower than those in the non postmenopausal group (64.36%(298/463) and 93.74%(434/463)). There was significant difference between the two groups (χ 2 values were 18.46 and 5.16; P values were < 0.001 and 0.023). The positive rate of ECC (62.60%(82/131)), cervical type Ⅲ transformation area (73.28%(96/131)), the proportion of pathological upgrading after conization (9.92%(13/131)) and the positive rate of cutting edge after conization (24.43%(32/131)) in menopausal group were higher than those in non menopausal patients (46.22%(214/463), 26.78%(124/463), 1.73%(8/463) and 5.40%(25/463)). There were significant differences between the two groups (χ 2 values were 10.95, 94.68, 20.11 and 42.62; P values were 0.001, <0.001, <0.001 and <0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed a high proportion of cervical type Ⅲ transformational zones ( OR=6.569, 95% CI 4.130-10.446), high ECC positivity ( OR=1.978, 95% CI 1.250-3.128), the positive rate of cone incision margins was high ( OR=4.581, 95% CI 2.386-8.794), the proportion of pathological escalation after cone surgery ( OR=4.612, 95% CI 1.557-13.668) and the proportion of smooth cervical appearance were high ( OR=0.464, 95% CI 0.294-0.731), which was the clinicopathological feature of postmenopausal HSIL ( P values were <0.001, 0.004, <0.001, 0.006 and 0.001). Conclusion:There were differences in HSIL in patients before and after menopause, clinical symptoms and screening manifestations were atypical, and lesions are easy to involve the cervical canal, the positive rate of the cut margin after coneectomy was high, and the proportion of pathological escalation was high, so more aggressive intervention should be taken for women diagnosed with precancerous cervical lesions after menopause

Mupirocin Resistance in Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Rural Population - An Underestimated Threat?

CoNS when exposed to repeated or prolonged treatment with mupirocin ointment, may become a reservoir of high-level resistance determinants and then pass on this resistance to S. aureus. CoNS usually tends to be reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance factors, hence they generally lead to recurrence of multi-drug resistance. Hence, it is imperative to identify and discriminate the strains of S. aureus and CoNS. We wanted to analyse mupirocin resistance in coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolated from a rural population. METHODSThis study was performed in the Department of Microbiology, SMCH (Ghaziabad) among indoor as well as OPD patients of a tertiary care hospital. All coagulase negative Staphylococcus strains were taken from patient’s clinical specimens visiting the OPD or from patients getting treatment from the hospital. CoNS were identified by standard biochemical tests. An inhibition zonal area < 21 mm was considered as resistant. RESULTSMupirocin resistance was found to be 7 % in MRCoNS and 5 % in MSCoNS. MupRH and MupRL were 5 % and 7 % respectively. Only 5 (5 %) isolates showed MIC more than 512 µg / mL as described. CONCLUSIONSIn case of emergence of mupirocin resistance, other decolonization options ought to be considered.

Prácticas comunicativas de extensión universitaria en profesores de Ciencias Médicas / Communicative practices of university extension in professors of the Medical Sciences

Introducción: Las prácticas comunicativas de extensión universitaria de los profesores permiten integrar coherentemente las funciones sustantivas de la universidad; así como el cumplimiento de la misión social de la Educación Superior. Deben ser objeto de especial atención, al igual que las mediaciones presentes en este proceso. Objetivos: Caracterizar las prácticas comunicativas de extensión universitaria y determinar las mediaciones presentes en las prácticas comunicativas de los profesores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Material y Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa de carácter descriptivo con estudio de caso único inclusivo, con profesores de Medicina, Enfermería y Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana durante 2018 y 2019. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales y grupos de discusión con profesores y estudiantes. Resultados: Se evidenció predominio del paradigma biologicista, de una comunicación transmisiva, de niveles bajos de participación, y una concepción distorsionada de la extensión universitaria. En estos aspectos median factores socioculturales, profesionales y sociales. Conclusiones: El enfrentamiento sistemático a resistencias culturales y la aplicación consecuente de la concepción inherente a un elevado nivel de participación, permitirá avanzar paulatinamente en la aplicación por los profesores, de prácticas comunicativas extensionistas más eficaces(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Communicative practices of university extension carried out by the professors contribute decisively to a coherent integration of the essential functions in higher education. These practices comply with the social mission of higher education and should deserve special attention, as well as the mediations that are present in this process. Objectives: To characterize the communicative practices of university extension and to determine the mediations of the communicative practices of the professors of university extension in the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Material and Methods: A qualitative descriptive research was conducted with a single, inclusive case study that included professors of Medicine, Nursing, and Dentistry of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana between 2018 and 2019. Individual interviews and discussion groups were carried out with professors and students. Results: A predominance of a biologic paradigm of transmissive communication with low levels of participation and a distorted conception of university extension was evidenced. It was also determined that sociocultural, professional, and social factors influence upon these aspects. Conclusions: The systematic confrontation with cultural resistance and consequent application of the conception linked with a higher level of participation will allow to move progressively toward the implementation of more efficient communicative extension practices by the professors(AU)

Detection of high-level aminoglycoside resistance by disc diffusion and e-test amongst the enterococcus species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The emergence of Enterococcus species in causing nosocomial infections poses a therapeutic challenge to clinicians. Enterococci are intrinsically resistance to multiple antibiotics. Acquired resistance to commonly used antibiotics like Ampicillin, Vancomycin and Aminoglycosides have made the situation worse and difficult to treat serious Enterococcal infections. The present study aimed at detection of high-level aminoglycoside resistance by disc diffusion and E-test amongst the Enterococcus species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A total of 102 Enterococcus species isolated from various clinical samples and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. E-test was done for all high level aminoglycoside resistance Enterococcus species isolated by disc diffusion test.Results: Among 102 isolates, 81 were E. faecalis, 18 were E. faecium and 3 were another Enterococcus. Their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern shows all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin with HLGR, HLSR detected in 40 and 38 isolates of E. faecalis, 17  and 13 isolates of E. faecium respectively by disc diffusion whereas by E-test it was detected in 44 and 40 in E. faecalis and 17 and 14 in E. faecium respectively. E. faecium is found to be more resistance to high level aminoglycoside than E. faecalis.Conclusions: Authors hereby conclude that Enterococci being the common cause of hospital acquired infections with their increasing resistance to multiple drugs and acquisition of HLAR; it must be routinely screened for various drugs to prevent drug resistance in hospital settings for serious Enterococcal infections.

Discussion on policy of domestic and overseas high-level talents training and introduction / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective The drive for innovation is essentially a talent-driven,and comprehensive national strength competition is ultimately a competition for high-level talent.This paper aims to provide a reference for the formulation of high-level personnel training based on the introduction policies in various regions of China by combing the high-level talent training and introduction policies at home and abroad.Methods This study mainly used the literature review,policy analysis,comparative reference to analyze the history and current situation of high-level talent training policies in US,UK,Japan and China.Results High-level talents are the talents with high level of knowledge and strong innovation ability in a particular field,they are also the key training targets of the country.The cultivation and introduction of high-level talents has risen to the national strategy.Conclusions The study believes that there are some problems in the cultivation and introduction of high-level talents in China,such as low legislative level,concentrate on economic incentives while little attention was paid to the cultivation of scientific research environment,as well as the coordination of policy projects.It is recommended to improve the legal and regulatory system and form a high-level talent echelon policy,strengthen the implementation of supporting policies and evaluate the effectiveness of policy implementation.

Milestone of the development of High-Level Pathogenic Microorganism Laboratory in China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

This article describes the developing process of China’s pathogenic microorganism laboratory construction through a fair summary of the key points and events involving the issues of "Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory Biosafety Management Regulations" , "National High Level Biosafety Laboratory System Construction Plan "and "High Level Biosafety Laboratory System Construction Plan" (2016-2025) " , the research and development of Domestic Mobile Biological Safety Level-3 Lab, the establishment and operation of Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory and the release of other key technology and equipment development.

Preparación del paciente y ambiente quirúrgico / Patient preparation and surgical environment

El presente artículo, analiza los diferentes aspectos relacionadoscon las medidas de prevención, aplicables a la preparación delpaciente y al ambiente quirúrgico, con la finalidad de disminuir laincidencia de infecciones operatorias. Se describen todos los facto-res ambientales y funcionales, que nos ayudarán a blindar las áreasquirúrgicas y las centrales de esterilización, para ofrecer una atención quirúrgica de calidad, siguiendo las normas y procedimientosrecomendados por organismos internacionales como la OMS(AU)

This article analyses the different aspects related to preventionmeasures, applicable to patient preparedness and surgical environ-ment, in order to reduce the incidence of operating infections. Allenvironmental and functional factors are described, which will helpus to shield surgical areas and sterilization plants, to offer qualitysurgical care, following standards and procedures recommendedby international organizations such as WHO(AU)

Clinical effect of iliac artery interventional chemotherapy combination with bladder perfusion for high level of bladder urothelial carcinoma / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of iliac artery interventional chemotherapy combination with bladder perfusion for high level of bladder urothelial carcinoma after transurethral bladder tumor electricity cut operation for those who intend to retain the bladder.Methods From February 2010 to December 2016,a total of 74 cases high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder,giving chemotherapy and suitted support were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to different chemotherapy methods.Artery perfusion chemotherapy group:43 cases treated by transurethral bladder tumor cutting + bilateral iliac artery interventional perfusion chemotherapy + bladder perfusion in combination therapy;Intravenous chemotherapy group:31 cases underwent transurethral bladder tumor cut method + cisplatin,vein gemcitabine + bladder perfusion chemotherapy combined therapy.According to the ((x) ± s) between the groups.The method of count data is represented by chi-square test.Kaplan-meier method was used to describe the survival time of two groups of patients after operation.Results Two groups of patients with postoperative there was no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival time.In the bone marrow suppression (x2 =4.956,P =0.029);gastrointestinal tract reaction (x2 =5.912,P =0.012);dermatitis,mucositis (x2 =4.276,P =0.013),etc.,has the advantages in the iliac artery interventional perfusion chemotherapy (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Via efficient iliac arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with venous chemotherapy patients,to the retention of the bladder has a certain value,and the incidence of adverse reactions after surgery is low,have certain advantages.

Effect of narrow band imaging on the clinical efficacy of high grade gastric mucosal epithelial neoplasia / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the effect of narrow band imaging on the clinical outcomes of patients with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in gastric mucosa.MethodsFrom June 2006 to June 2016, 96 patients of gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were enrolled in the study. All patients were divided into control group and observation group using a random number table method, 48 cases in each. In control group, patients were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection treatment, while in observation group, patients were treated with narrowband imaging combined with endoscopic submucosal dissection treatment. The operation time, pathological type and occurrence of complications of the two groups were compared.Results The operation time, positive margin rates in observation group were lower than that in control group, while tumor diameter, one en bloc resection rate and curative resection rate was higher, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Overall incidence of complications in observation group and control group were 6.25% and 22.92% respectively; which shown observation group has significantly lower rate than control group, the difference was statistically.Conclusion Narrow-band imaging combined with endoscopy in the treatment of gastric neoplasia in patients with high-grade intraepithelial lesions can significantly improve the cure rate and complete resection en bloc resection rate, shorten the operation time, reduce the incidence of complications.

"The role of ""academic community"" in promoting the construction of high-level teachers of traditional Chinese medicine" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

TCM higher education has cultivated a large number of high-level TCM professionals in the past sixty years.Against the backdrop of social progress in China,a system of cultivating faculty of TCM higher education has been put in place that features an organic link-up between college,after graduation and continuing education.Academic community serves as a starting point in the system.This paper mainly illustrates our understanding of academic community,life-long education through connecting the three phases and its implementation.

The prevalence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme and virulence genes among enterococci with high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Inner Mongolia, China

ABSTRACT This study highlights the prevalence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes and virulence determinants among clinical enterococci with high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Inner Mongolia, China. Screening for high-level aminoglycoside resistance against 117 enterococcal clinical isolates was performed using the agar-screening method. Out of the 117 enterococcal isolates, 46 were selected for further detection and determination of the distribution of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme-encoding genes and virulence determinants using polymerase chain reaction -based methods. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were identified as the species of greatest clinical importance. The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia and ant(6')-Ia genes were found to be the most common aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes among high-level gentamicin resistance and high-level streptomycin resistance isolates, respectively. Moreover, gelE was the most common virulence gene among high-level aminoglycoside resistance isolates. Compared to Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis harbored multiple virulence determinants. The results further indicated no correlation between aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene profiles and the distribution of virulence genes among the enterococcal isolates with high-level gentamicin resistance or high-level streptomycin resistance evaluated in our study.

High-level papers of research university and the inspiration to class disciplines construction—taking China Pharmaceutical University as an example / 中国药科大学学报

@#In this paper, 62 high-level papers of China Pharmaceutical University(CPU)in recent ten years were analyzed by using Web of Science tools, etc. It was found that CPU′s high-level papers increased year by year, and mainly concentrated in three disciplines(pharmacology and toxicology, chemistry and clinical medicine), which was consistent with the three disciplines of CPU that have entered the world′s top 1%. Studies have shown that CPU′s measures for disciplinary development have promoted the development of discipline to some extent. It was suggested that the university continue to introduce high-level personnel in the future, to promote scientific cooperation, and so on, in order to develop advantage disciplines. This study provides some theoretical basis for the university successfully entering the national first-class disciplines ranks.

Based on economic models of hospitals high-level researcher ways to stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific research / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Hospital research mainly by high-level researcher to promote,and researcher of the research initiative will determine the contribution of their research.This initiative from the start of economic regulation researcher to explain the economics-based perspective that affect high-level researcher positive factors research and put forward relevant mathematical relationship between the influencing factors and mathematical models,and scientific researcher positive regulator of a number of ways.